PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES ON THE STEM-BARK OF FICUS KAMERUNENSIS WARB. (MORACEAE)
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT
Ficus kamerunensis is an epiphytic shrub or tree growing up to 20 m high. The plant used in ethnomedicine to treat microbial infections such as sexually transmitted infections. Pharmacognostic studies were conducted on the fresh and dried whole stem-bark of F. kamerunensis. The quantitative physical standards were carried out. Preliminary phytochemical screenings of the powdered stem bark of the plant were conducted using appropriate chemical reagents. The powdered stem bark (1 kg) of the plant was extracted using cold maceration technique with 3 L of 95% methanol in a glass jar for 3 days (72 hours) at room temperature, then partitioned with diethylether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Thin-layer chromatography was carried out using diethyl ether fraction to obtain the best solvent system to be used for column chromatography. A combination of column chromatography and preparative thin layer Chromatography using Column chromatography were carried out using the best solvent system obtained (Hexane: Ethyl acetate 7:3) for compound isolation. The structure of the isolated compound was determined by the analysis of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 2D NMR spectral data, as well as comparison with reported data. Antimicrobial evaluations of the stem-bark of the plant were carried out for diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and 95% methanol extract at different concentrations (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.125 mg/ml) and tested against four Gram-positive bacteria—Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyrogenes, MRSA, and Neisseria gonorrheae, and four Gram-negative bacteria—Corynebacterium ulcerans, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Proteusmirabilis as well as four fungi— Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida stellatoidea and Candida tropicalis. Mc-farland’s turbidity standard scale (number 0.5) was used to standardize the test micro organisms. Agar Diffusion method was used to screen the extracts while the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) were determined using broth dilution method.The acute viii toxicity studies (LD50) was carried out using Lorke method. Phytochemical screening of the powdered stem-bark of Ficus kamerunensis reveals the presence of carbohydrates, anthraquinones, saponins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. Physicochemical studies showed moisture content, total ash acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, alcohol extractive and water extractive values of 11.7, 8.8 1.7, 3.7, 10.4 and 18.4 % respectively. Antimicrobial evaluation shows that the extracts have activity against E. coli, Candida albican, Candida stellatodea, Corynebacterium ulcerans, MRSA, Neisseria gonorrhea, Pseudomonas aeroginosa Staphylococcus aureus while Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus pyrogens were resistant to the tested extracts. Known compound (pentacyclic triterpene) α-amyrin acetate was isolated and characterized from the diethyl ether fraction of the methanol extract of the plant material.
Related Project Materials
THE ANALYSIS OF LOAN ADMINISTRATION IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTION IN THE NIGERIA ECONOMY
ABSTRACT
The study is an analysis of loan administration in financial institution in the nigeria ec...
ANALYSIS OF SERUM CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN RICKETS AND NON RICKETS CHILDREN OF GONIN-GORA, KASO AND JANKASA COMMUNITIES IN KADUNA STATE
ABSTRACT
The beginning of the 20th century witnessed the epidemic of nutritional rickets among children in many countries of Asia, North...
THE LEGAL REGIME OF CYBER SECURITY AND CRIME: ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES INNIGERIA
ABSTRACT
With the advent of computer age, legislatures have been struggling to redefine the law to fit crimes perpetuated by computer cri...
ASSESSING THE BENEFITS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CODING PROGRAMS ON COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
ABSTRACT: Assessing the benefits of early childhood coding programs...
MODELLING AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE BALL-ON-SPHERE SYSTEM USING BOND GRAPH TECHNIQUE
ABSTRACT
This research is aimed at the modelling and structural analysis of the ball-o...
THE DETERMINANCE OF INDUCED ABORTION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: A STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR, CROSS RIVER STATE NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Abortion is a wide issue and the major concern in most of the discussion on abortion draws heavily from the fact that abortion c...
ASSESSMENT OF TOURISTS PERCEPTION OF THE YANKARI GAME RESERVE AS A TOURIST DESTINATION
ABSTRACT
The study assessed the Yankari Games Reserve as a tourist de...
ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ITS EFFECTS ON BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY
There is no doubt given the findings of this study, that corporate social responsibility performance plays signifi...
EXTERNAL DEBT BURDEN AND THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study examines the external debt burden and the economic growth in Nigeria. Data for the study are collect...
PSYCHOSOCIAL CORRELATES OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS
ABSTRACT
The study basically examined the psychosocial correlates of academic performance among primary...
